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Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 14, Issue 5 349-356, Copyright © 1995 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Fetal face visualization using three-dimensional ultrasonography
D. H. Pretorius and T. R. Nelson
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0610, USA.
Evaluation of the fetal face is an essential part of the sonographic
examination for high risk pregnancies. Even under optimal conditions, the
complex curvature of the face makes it difficult to obtain adequate images
with two-dimensional ultrasonography, and many cross-sectional images are
required to obtain a complete impression. The purpose of this paper is to
show preliminary work in assessing the utility of three-dimensional
ultrasonographic visualization of the fetal face. Fetal facial features
were evaluated with three-dimensional sonography by scanning with a volume
transducer and compared to conventional two-dimensional ultrasonographic
images in 27 fetuses (gestational ages 10 to 39 weeks). Surface rendered
three-dimensional sonographic images of the fetal face were obtained in 24
of 27 fetuses. In four cases the upper lip was clearly imaged on
three-dimensional ultrasonography when it could not be seen on two
dimensional ultrasonography. Information requiring multiple planes with
two-dimensional ultrasonography could be demonstrated on a single image
from three-dimensional ultrasonography. Images of abnormal faces were seen
with both two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography in two cases of cleft
lip and one case of holoprosencephaly. Volume data acquisition required
approximately 10 sec and reconstruction required approximately 5 sec with
instantaneous review of planes through the volume data set. Surface
rendering required 2 to 10 min depending on the angular viewing range.
Three-dimensional ultrasonography has the potential to provide improved
visualization of the fetal face compared with conventional two-dimensional
sonographic imaging.
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