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© 2009 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
J Ultrasound Med 28:923-939 • 0278-4297

Review Article

Sonography of Axillary Masses

What Should Be Considered Other Than the Lymph Nodes?

Eun Young Kim, MD, Eun Young Ko, MD, Boo-Kyung Han, MD, Jung Hee Shin, MD, Soo Yeon Hahn, MD, Seok Seon Kang, MD, Eun Yoon Cho, MD, Min Jung Kim, MD and Sun Young Chun, MD

Departments of Radiology (E.Y.Ki., E.Y.Ko, B.-K.H., J.H.S., S.Y.H., S.S.K.) and Pathology (E.Y.C.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and Departments of Radiology (M.J.K.) and Pathology (S.Y.C.), Hallym University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Address correspondence to Eun Young Ko, MD, Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea. E-mail: claudel{at}skku.edu

Objective. The purpose of this study was to review the sonographic findings of various axillary masses other than lymph nodes in correlation with other imaging and pathologic findings. Methods. From a sonographic database, we collected interesting cases of axillary masses with pathologic or other imaging corroboration from the last 10 years. Results. Images of various soft tissue masses were reviewed. They included masses associated with accessory breasts (fibroadenomas, hamartomas, fat necrosis, and cancer arising from axillary breasts), other soft tissue masses (lipomas, schwannomas, hemangiomas, fibromatosis, epidermoid cysts, and malignant fibrous histiocytomas), and complications presenting as masses after axillary lymph node dissection (seromas, hematomas, suture granulomas, pseudoaneurysms, and lymphangiectasia). Conclusions. Awareness of the characteristic sonographic findings of various disease entities that cause axillary masses will help in the correct diagnosis of axillary masses.

Key Words: axilla • non-nodal mass • sonography

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomographic • MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma • MRI, magnetic resonance imaging

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