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© 2007 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
J Ultrasound Med 26:309-316 • 0278-4297

Pulmonary Artery Diameters in Healthy Fetuses From 19 to 40 Weeks’ Gestation

Rodrigo Ruano, MD, PhD, Mariane de Fátima Yukie Maeda, MD, Juliana Ikeda Niigaki, MD and Marcelo Zugaib, MD, PhD

Obstetrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Address correspondence to Rodrigo Ruano, MD, PhD, Obstetrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Valentim de Magalhães 100, ap 52, 03184-090 São Paulo-SP, Brazil.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to construct nomograms for diameters of the fetal main pulmonary artery (MPA), right pulmonary artery (RPA), and left pulmonary artery (LPA) according to gestational age (GA) and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Methods. Between May 2005 and February 2006, MPA and branch artery diameters were prospectively estimated with ultrasonography in 220 healthy fetuses from 19 to 40 weeks’ gestation and correlated with GA and EFW. Results. Mean MPA, RPA, and LPA diameters ranged from 2.93, 1.71, and 1.66 mm, respectively, at 19 weeks to 9.23, 5.49, and 5.65 mm at 40 weeks. Linear regression yielded the following formulas for the expected diameters according to GA: MPA = –2.77 + 0.30 x GA; RPA = –1.71 + 0.18 x GA; and LPA = –1.95 + 0.19 x GA. The following formulas were obtained by logarithm distribution for the expected diameters according to EFW: MPA = –1.165 + 0.247 x log of estimated fetal weight (lnFW); RPA = –0.651 + 0.141 x lnFW; and LPA = –0.718 + 0.150 x lnFW. Conclusions. Nomograms of MPA and branch pulmonary artery diameters according to GA and EFW have been described, generating reference values.

Key Words: fetal lung • pulmonary artery diameter • pulmonary hypoplasia

Abbreviations: CDH, congenital diaphragmatic hernia • EFW, estimated fetal weight • GA, gestational age • lnFW, log of estimated fetal weight • LPA, left pulmonary artery • MPA, main pulmonary artery • PA, pulmonary artery • RPA, right pulmonary artery

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Copyright © 2007 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.