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© 2006 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
J Ultrasound Med 25:721-728 • 0278-4297

Women’s Responses to Ultrasound Examinations During Routine Screens in an Obstetric Clinic

C. F. Zachariah Boukydis, PhD, Marjorie C. Treadwell, MD, Virginia Delaney-Black, MD, Kathleen Boyes, MA, Mary King, RDMS, Timberly Robinson, MBA and Robert Sokol, MD

Erikson Institute, Chicago, Illinois USA (C.F.Z.B.); and School of Medicine (M.C.T., V.D.-B., M.K., T.R., R.S.) and Merrill-Palmer Institute (K.B.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan USA.

Address correspondence to C. F. Zachariah Boukydis, PhD, Erikson Institute 420 N Wabash Ave, Chicago, IL 60611-5627 USA. E-mail: zboukydis{at}erikson.edu

Objective. The primary purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of prenatal ultrasound consultation on maternal-fetal attachment, knowledge of fetal behavior, and development and reduction of anxiety in pregnant women scheduled for routine ultrasound screens. A standard depression screen was also used to evaluate depression levels of women undergoing these screens in the sonography clinic. Methods. To evaluate the impact of an ultrasound consultation, the following were undertaken: (1) a preliminary observational study of routine screens in the sonography clinic was performed; (2) an ultrasound consultation manual was developed and established as reliable; and (3) women undergoing evaluations between 16 and 26 weeks’ gestational age were randomly assigned to a standard care group (n = 24; the standard clinical ultrasound screen) or an ultrasound consultation group (n = 28; the ultrasound consultation was done, including the standard screen with extended consultation on fetal development, maternal and familial responses, and maternal-fetal interaction). Results. The ultrasound consultation group had a significant positive change in maternal-fetal attachment scores, lower state anxiety scores, and more favorable responses to the sonographic examination (P .05). Women’s depression scores did not differ between the ultrasound consultation and standard care groups and were similar to maternal prenatal depression levels in other studies. Conclusions. Ultrasound consultation was responsible for increasing maternal-fetal attachment and reducing maternal anxiety. It may be an important component of more comprehensive prevention/intervention strategies. The implications for ultrasound consultation in clinical research and practice are discussed.

Key Words: maternal-fetal attachment • observation of fetal behavior • ultrasound consultation

Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory • MFAS, Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale • NS, not significant • SC, standard care • STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory • UC, ultrasound consultation




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Z. BOUKYDIS
Ultrasound Consultation to Reduce Risk and Increase Resilience in Pregnancy
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., December 1, 2006; 1094(1): 268 - 271.
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