This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Sandhu, N. S. Articles by Capan, L. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Sandhu, N. S. Articles by Capan, L. M.

Feasibility of an Infraclavicular Block With a Reduced Volume of Lidocaine With Sonographic Guidance

Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA.

Address correspondence to NavParkash S. Sandhu, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. E-mail: navparkashsandhu{at}hotmail.com

Objective. A successful brachial plexus block requires a large volume of a local anesthetic. Sonography allows reliable deposition of the anesthetic around the cords of the brachial plexus, potentially lowering the anesthetic requirement. Methods. Fifteen sonographically guided infraclavicular blocks were performed in 14 patients with 2% carbonated lidocaine with epinephrine through a 17-gauge Tuohy needle. The amount of lidocaine injected at several points around each cord was based on satisfactory spread observed sonographically. A 19-gauge catheter was then placed with its tip between the posterior cord and axillary artery, and tip position was confirmed by observing the spread of 1 to 2 mL of injected air. Lidocaine was injected through the catheter if necessary to prolong the blocks. Results. Surgery was performed in all patients without general anesthesia, rescue blocks, or infiltration. A heroin user was given an additional 50 µg of fentanyl before the block. One patient required 5 mL of lidocaine through the catheter for an incomplete radial nerve block 5 minutes after initial injection. Seven patients received additional midazolam (mean, 2.5 mg) for alleviation of anxiety despite excellent blocks. The mean ± SD volume of lidocaine for the initial block was 16.1 ± 1.9 mL (4.2 ± 0.9 mg/kg). In 4 patients, additional lidocaine 1 hour after an initial successful block increased the total volume to 19.5 ± 7.1 mL (5 ± 1.9 mg/kg). The mean times to perform the block, onset of the block, and achieving surgical anesthesia and the duration of surgery were 10.8 ± 3.3, 2 ± 1.3, 5.9 ± 2.6, and 92.7 ± 54.4 minutes, respectively. Conclusions. A successful infraclavicular block in adults with 14 mL of lidocaine is feasible with the use of sonography. The reduced volume does not seem to affect the onset but shortens the duration of the block.

Key Words: brachial plexus • lidocaine • local anesthetic • regional anesthesia • sonography

Abbreviations: LES, lidocaine, epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Morimoto, J. Popovic, J. T. Kim, H. Kiamzon, and A. D. Rosenberg Case series: Septa can influence local anesthetic spread during infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks: [Les septa peuvent influencer la diffusion de l'anesthesique local durant les blocs infraclaviculaires du plexus brachial] Can J Anesth, December 1, 2007; 54(12): 1006 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. S. Sandhu, J. S. Manne, P. K. Medabalmi, and L. M. Capan Sonographically Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Adults: A Retrospective Analysis of 1146 Cases. J. Ultrasound Med., December 1, 2006; 25(12): 1555 - 1561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]