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© 2003 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
J Ultrasound Med 22:501-505 • 0278-4297

Pregnancy Outcome of Embryonic/Fetal Pleural Effusion in the First Trimester

Kazumasa Hashimoto, MD, Takashi Shimizu, MD, Misao Fukuda, MD, Mamoru Ozaki, BS, Koichiro Shimoya, MD, Masayasu Koyama, MD and Yuji Murata, MD

Department of Obstetrics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan (K.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (K.H., K.S., M.K., Y.M.); Shimizu Women’s Clinic, Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan (T.S.); Fukuda Ladies Clinic, Ako, Japan (M.F.); and Division of Human Genetics, Clinical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan (M.O.).

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Kazumasa Hashimoto, MD, Department of Obstetrics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan; e-mail: hashi{at}gyne.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Objective. To investigate the incidence of embryonic/fetal pleural effusion in the first trimester and its pregnancy outcome. Methods. A total of 965 viable singleton pregnancies confirmed by sonography between 7 and 10 weeks were examined to estimate the incidence of embryonic/fetal pleural effusion. When initial transvaginal sonography showed pleural effusion, serial ultrasound examinations were performed. Results. Pleural effusion was detected in 12 pregnancies (incidence, 1.2%; 95% confidence interval, 0.7–2.2), which involved bilateral thoracic cavities in all cases. The pregnancy outcome was assessed among 14 cases of pleural effusion, including 2 previously reported cases from the same institution. Among these, 12 pregnancies (86%) miscarried by 14 weeks’ gestation. Karyotype was abnormal in 9 (82%) of 11 cases in which chromosomal analysis was successfully performed. Of these, 6 (67%) were 45,X. Conclusions. The results suggested that embryonic/fetal pleural effusion in early pregnancy was associated with poor pregnancy outcome such as spontaneous abortion and chromosomal abnormality.

Key Words: embryo • fetus • first trimester • pleural effusion • pregnancy outcome • transvaginal sonography

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Copyright © 2003 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.