JUM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Graif, M.
Right arrow Articles by Yabetz, H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Graif, M.
Right arrow Articles by Yabetz, H.

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 19, Issue 9 627-631, Copyright © 2000 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Varicocele and the testicular-renal venous route: hemodynamic Doppler sonographic investigation

M. Graif, R. Hauser, A. Hirshebein, A. Botchan, A. Kessler and H. Yabetz
Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky-Ichilov Medical Center, Israel.

The aim of this study was to quantify the anatomic and hemodynamic components of the testicular venous drainage for the purpose of understanding their mechanisms of interacting in producing mutual effects, such as "nutcracker" phenomenon, reflux, and varicoceles. Seventy-five male subjects were studied at rest and during Valsalva maneuver. Aortomesenteric distance and angle, flow velocity in different segments of the renal veins, testicular vein diameter, and flow inversion were evaluated using standard ultrasound equipment with spectral and color Doppler capabilities. The velocity of flow in the proximal segment of the left renal vein (17.5 cm/s) was found to be significantly lower than that in both the distal left renal vein (121 cm/s) and the right renal vein (37 cm/s). The flow velocity in the proximal left renal vein decreased with decrease in the aortomesenteric distance and angle. Testicular vein diameters greater than 3 mm were statistically associated with decreased superior mesenteric artery angle. A significant association also was found between the left testicular vein diameter (in Valsalva maneuver) and inversion of flow. The decrease in flow velocity in the left renal vein proximal to the bifurcation of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta supports the "nutcracker" theory. An association was found between the decrease of superior mesenteric artery angle and the increase in testicular vein diameter. Another association exists between the presence of reflux during Valsalva maneuver and increased testicular vein diameter. These finding were significant only for testicular vein diameter values greater than 3 mm.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J Ultrasound MedHome page
S. Karazincir, A. Balci, S. Gorur, H. Sumbas, and A. N. Kiper
Incidence of the Retroaortic Left Renal Vein in Patients With Varicocele
J. Ultrasound Med., May 1, 2007; 26(5): 601 - 604.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
W. S. Kim, J.-E. Cheon, I.-O. Kim, S. H. Kim, K. M. Yeon, K. M. Kim, and H. Choi
Hemodynamic Investigation of the Left Renal Vein in Pediatric Varicocele: Doppler US, Venography, and Pressure Measurements
Radiology, October 1, 2006; 241(1): 228 - 234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Ultrasound MedHome page
L. Pallwein, G. Pinggera, A. H. Schuster, A. Klauser, H. G. Weirich, W. Recheis, R. Herwig, E. J. Halpern, G. Bartsch, D. zur Nedden, et al.
The Influence of Left Renal Vein Entrapment on Outcome After Surgical Varicocele Repair: A Color Doppler Sonographic Demonstration
J. Ultrasound Med., May 1, 2004; 23(5): 595 - 601.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2000 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.