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Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 19, Issue 8 557-563, Copyright © 2000 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Gray scale second harmonic imaging of acoustic emission signals improves detection of liver tumors in rabbits
F. Forsberg, J. B. Liu, D. A. Merton, N. M. Rawool, D. K. Johnson and B. B. Goldberg
Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
This study evaluates a new reticuloendothelium specific sonographic
contrast agent NC100100 (Sonazoid) for detection of liver VX-2 tumors in
rabbits. Gray scale imaging of five groups of three rabbits, with hepatic
VX-2 tumors implanted 7, 10, 12, 14, and 18 days previously, was performed
prior to injection of Sonazoid (dosages, 0.01-0.5 ml/kg). Sonazoid produces
induced acoustic emission after uptake in the liver. Therefore, harmonic
gray scale images were obtained immediately after injection as well as
delayed (by up to 2(1/2) h). Five rabbits (one from each group) also had
angiography performed, while all animals were evaluated by pathologic
examination. Non-contrast enhanced sonography detected 17 of 61 tumors
(29%), as well as three false-positives, while the addition of Sonazoid
detected 57 tumors (93%) and one false-positive (P<0.001). Acoustic
emission made 2 x 2 mm tumors (invisible in conventional B-mode sonography)
clearly perceivable in harmonic gray scale. In the subgroup that received
angiography, 12 of 36 tumors (33%) were detected with conventional
sonography compared to 22 tumors (61%) seen with angiography (P = 0.002).
After injection of Sonazoid the ultrasonographic detection rate increased
to 97% (35 of 36 tumors), which was a significant improvement over
angiography (P = 0.00024). Improved detection of hepatic VX-2 tumors with
second harmonic gray scale imaging of Sonazoid is possible because of this
agent's acoustic emission capabilities.
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