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Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 18, Issue 11 745-752, Copyright © 1999 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Real-time three-dimensional fetal echocardiography: initial feasibility study
M. S. Sklansky, T. Nelson, M. Strachan and D. Pretorius
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California, San Diego 92103-8445, USA.
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography acquires data as a volume
rather than as a series of planar images, thereby obviating cardiac or
respiratory gating and limiting artifacts generated by random motion. This
study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using real-time
three-dimensional echocardiography to evaluate fetal cardiac anatomy and
function. Ten human fetuses were evaluated in utero, four of whom had
congenital heart disease. Freehand transabdominal scanning was performed on
each pregnant woman using a real-time three-dimensional echocardiography
system. Four volume clips at 20 volumes/s of duration 1.5 s each were
obtained on each fetal heart and stored for off-line analysis. Data were
displayed immediately as a series of four simultaneous planes, with the
ability for the observer to manipulate the position of each plane within
the acquired volume data set. Cardiac motion could be slowed, stopped, or
viewed at its original speed. Most structures and views, as well as cardiac
function, could be visualized consistently. Abnormal structures could be
detected readily. Off-line analysis was rapid and easy. We conclude that
fetal real-time three-dimensional echocardiography is a feasible, facile,
and rapid new technique.
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