Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 17, Issue 5 289-295, Copyright © 1998 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Verifying complete obliteration of carotid artery-cavernous sinus fistula: role of color Doppler ultrasonography
H. J. Chiou, Y. H. Chou, W. Y. Guo, M. M. Teng, C. C. Hsu, C. M. Tiu, J. F. Lirng, C. B. Luo, C. Y. Shiau and D. H. Pan
Department of Radiology, Veterans General Hospital--Taipei, National Yang Ming University, College of Medicine, Taiwan.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of color Doppler
ultrasonography in verifying obliteration of carotid artery-cavernous sinus
fistula before and after therapeutic embolization or gamma knife
radiosurgery. Before treatment, carotid artery-cavernous sinus fistula
showed the following data on color Doppler ultrasonography: (1) increased
blood flow in the common carotid artery (220 to 1264 ml/min with mean+/-SD
of 728+/-378 ml/min); internal carotid artery (435 to 1097 ml/min with
mean+/-SD of 834+/-216 ml/min) in fistulas of the direct type; and external
carotid artery (85 to 257 ml/min with mean+/-SD of 170+/-75 ml/min) in
fistulas of the indirect type in comparison to the contralateral side; (2)
reverse pulsatile flow or spiculated wave form with turbulent flow in the
engorged superior ophthalmic vein on the lesion side in all patients. All
of the above abnormal hemodynamic changes became normal in six patients
immediately after first embolization, in two patients with balloon
embolization combined with subsequent direct embolization by direct
puncture through the superior orbital fissure or internal carotid artery
embolization, and in five patients after gamma knife radiosurgery at 4, 4,
8, 9, and 9 months, respectively. Color Doppler ultrasonography might be a
good modality in long-term follow-up of carotid artery-cavernous sinus
fistula after gamma knife radiosurgery and embolization.