Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 17, Issue 4 249-256, Copyright © 1998 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Ultrasonographic-surgical correlation of ankle tendon tears
G. M. Waitches, M. Rockett, M. Brage and G. Sudakoff
Department of Radiology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle 98104-2499, USA.
This study evaluates the accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting ankle
tendon tears of the peroneal, posterior tibial, and flexor digitorum longus
tendons based on operative findings and clinical follow-up. A prospective
study was performed in 33 patients with clinically suspected tendon injury.
Sixty-eight tendons were evaluated sonographically. The diagnosis of an
intrasubstance tear was made when disruption of uniform tendon architecture
by hypoechoic linear or globular clefts was observed. Criteria used to
diagnose complete tendon rupture included discontinuity or gap within the
tendon or complete nonvisualization of the tendon. Treatment decisions were
based on a combination of clinical parameters and imaging studies.
Twenty-six patients had the presence or absence of tear confirmed at
surgery. Five patients had a final diagnosis based on clinical findings,
and two were lost to follow-up. Of the 68 tendons evaluated
sonographically, 54 were directly inspected at surgery; 20 were found to be
torn and 34 were intact. Ultrasonography was able to identify all tears
correctly with an accuracy of 93%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity
of 88%. The positive and negative predictive values were 83% and 100%,
respectively. The combined accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of
ultrasonography in detecting tendon tears in all patients evaluated both
surgically and by clinical follow-up were 94%, 100%, and 90%, respectively.