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Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 12, Issue 8 463-470, Copyright © 1993 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Galactose-based intravenous sonographic contrast agent: experimental studies
B. B. Goldberg, J. B. Liu, P. N. Burns, D. A. Merton and F. Forsberg
Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
A galactose-based sonographic contrast agent, which produces stable
microbubbles capable of traversing the cardiopulmonary circulation, was
used to enhance Doppler signals in blood vessels of varying size after
intravenous injection. A series of experiments using dogs, rabbits, and
woodchucks was conducted to establish the ability of the agent to enhance
the reflectivity of normal tissue, tumor tissue, and blood. Although no
enhancement was perceptible in tissue on the sonogram, significant
enhancement of color and spectral Doppler signals was demonstrated in a
variety of vessels. These included the aorta, vena cava, and portal vein as
well as such small vessels as those of the retina of the eye, renal cortex,
liver parenchyma, and gallbladder wall. Both spectral and color Doppler
enhancement was shown in naturally occurring woodchuck hepatomas. Peak
Doppler signal enhancement after bolus injection was approximately 10 dB
with a dose of 0.01 ml/kg. Recirculation of the agent provided enhancement
after intravenous bolus injection for more than 3 min. With a steady
intravenous infusion of 0.2 ml/min/kg, Doppler signal enhancement of about
14 dB was maintained continuously for more than 5 min. The results of these
animal experiments, in particular in small vessels and with recirculation
after intravenous injection, suggest excellent potential for future
clinical applications.
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