Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 12, Issue 2 103-113, Copyright © 1993 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Prenatal sonographic findings of trisomy 18: review of 47 cases
D. A. Nyberg, D. Kramer, R. G. Resta, R. Kapur, B. S. Mahony, D. A. Luthy and D. Hickok
Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Hospital Medical Center.
Prenatal sonographic findings were reviewed in 47 consecutive fetuses with
trisomy 18. One or more abnormalities, excluding choroid plexus cysts, were
found in 39 fetuses (83%), including 21 of 29 (72%) fetuses examined
between 14 and 24 weeks and all 18 (100%) fetuses examined after 24 weeks.
Abnormalities most frequently detected before 24 weeks included cystic
hygromas, nuchal thickening, and meningomyelocele. Intrauterine growth
retardation, cardiac defects, and an enlarged cisterna magna were detected
more frequently after 24 weeks than before 24 weeks (P < 0.05).
Intrauterine growth retardation was the single most common abnormality,
detected in 51% of all fetuses and 89% of fetuses examined after 24 weeks.
Choroid plexus cysts were identified in 25% (12 of 47) of fetuses,
including 11 of 29 (38%) fetuses seen before 24 weeks. Additional
abnormalities were identified in 10 of 12 (83%) fetuses with choroid plexus
cysts; one of the two remaining fetuses showed clenched hands and a cardiac
anomaly at autopsy, and the other showed unusually large, multiple choroid
plexus cysts. Awareness of the type of anomalies and the usual menstrual
age of diagnosis in fetuses with trisomy 18 should improve patient
counseling and prenatal detection of fetuses considered at risk for this
disorder.