Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 12, Issue 1 27-31, Copyright © 1993 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
The role of sonographically guided aspiration in the clinical management of ovarian cysts
D. Dordoni, S. Zaglio, S. Zucca and G. Favalli
I-II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia School of Medicine, Italy.
This study was undertaken to verify the role of fine-needle aspiration
(FNA) followed by cytologic examination as a possible alternative to
surgery in case of cystic pelvic masses. From January 1988 to March 1989,
204 patients with a proven cystic pelvic mass underwent FNA under
sonographic guidance. In 20 cases the aspiration was performed
transvaginally. Thirty-six patients were postmenopausal. In all cases the
aspirated fluid was collected for cytologic evaluation. Other than one case
of persistent hematuria, no complications occurred. The overall recurrence
rate, verified 3 months from FNA, was 65%. Fifty-two per cent of patients
developed a new cyst after a complete aspiration. Fifty-three patients
underwent a laparotomy, allowing a comparison between cytologic and
histologic patterns. The sensitivity of cytologic examination of aspirated
fluids was 40% (3 of 5 malignancies were missed) and the specificity was
100% (no false positives were observed). We conclude that FNA might be
proposed in young women with a unilocular ovarian cyst to avoid a surgical
procedure. In postmenopausal women with a unilocular cystic mass 5 cm or
less, FNA may be considered as an important step in the diagnosis. In all
instances the ultrasonographic appearance of the cyst (echo texture and
regularity of wall) and the characteristics of aspirated fluid are the most
important findings. When the aspirated fluid contains mucus or blood, or
when a complex mass is present, exploratory laparotomy or a laparoscopy is
recommended.