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Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol 11, Issue 4 139-142, Copyright © 1992 by American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Physiology of the menstrual cycle by ultrasonography
J. Santolaya-Forgas
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612.
The aim of this was to study the physiologic changes occurring during the
menstrual cycle in 39 healthy women as they appear ultrasonographically. We
investigated the following parameters: serum progesterone level,
endometrial thickness, and uterine artery pulsatility index. Endometrial
thickness was measured at the widest point in the longitudinal plane,
including all of the highly reflective endometrium. Uterine arterial
Doppler velocimetry was evaluated at the level of the uterine cornua by the
pulsatility index. Ovulation was documented by transvaginal determinations
of follicle development and progesterone level in each cycle. This
prospective study shows that ultrasonographically determined endometrial
thickness and uterine artery pulsatility index depend on the phase of the
menstrual cycle. Endometrial thickness steadily increases throughout the
menstrual cycle whereas the pulsatility index of both uterine arteries
tends to decrease after ovulation. This decrease is larger in the uterine
artery ipsilateral to the site where ovulation took place.
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